Apparatus for automatically feeding wire filling units to wire-fabric shuttles



W. S. SOUTHW'ICK. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE FILLING UNITS T0 WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5.192].

Patented May 9, 1922.

6 SHEETSSHEET l.

Iwvewa 77a JQOZEMMJE W. S. SOUTHWICK. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE FILLING UNITS TO'WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5. 1921.

Patented May 9, 1922.

6 SHEETSSHEET 2- W. s. SOUTHWICK. APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE FILLING'UAIITS T0 WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5, I921- 4 Patented May 9, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3- W. S. SOUTHWICK.

' APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE FILLING UNITS T0 WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 5. I92I.

1,415,492, Patented May 9, 1922.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

z J W 6 w. s SOUTHWICK.

APPARATUS FOR AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE FILLING UNITS T0 WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES. I

APPLICATION FILED MAR-5.192I.

1 ,41 5 ,492, Patented May 9, 1922-.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

IIIIIIIIIIIJII' Jim/Mr;

, v W. S. SOUTHWICK. APPARATUS ron AUTOMATICALLY FEEDING WIRE 'FILLING UNITS T0 WIRE FABRIC SHUTTLES.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.5.1 92l'.'

9m m m E w M... 4 Q i we H 7 u m m ,m\\m V m i u W UL y W W RQY I Envy??? eqmz a. 8m

Aren't 5' WILLIAM S. SO'UTI-IWICK, 0F CLINTON, MASSACHUSETTS,'ASSIGNOB T0 WICKWIRE SPENCER STEEL CORPORATION, OF WORGESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, 'A :CORPORA- TION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

APPARATUS FOR AUTOI/IATICALLY' FEEDING WIRE FILLING UNITS TO WIRE-FABRIC SHUTTLES. V

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 9,1922) Application filed Marcus, 1921. Serial No. 449,835.

To all whom it may concern a Be it known that I, TILLIAM S. SOUTH- wroii, a citizen of the United States, residing-at Clinton, inthe county of Worcester and State of Massachusetts, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Automatically Feeding Wire Filling Units to ire-Fabric Shuttles, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a methodand apparatus for automatically feeding wire filling units to wire fabric shuttles.

Referring to the drawings, in which like characters indicate like parts Figure 1 in front elevation shows apor tion of the right side of the framework of a wire fabric loom towhichby arms is connected a weight box forthe freeends of the wire fillings, the parts appearing as when seen from the front of the loom. c

Figure 2 in rear elevation shows a part of the framework of the, right side of the' loom, theview being similar to Figure 1,,- but showingthe parts asseen from the rear of the machine.

Figure 3 is aside elevation of the part of the mechanism for transferring the filling unit from the magazine, not shown, to the shuttle not shown carried by the lay, the girts and shaftlng being shown in section,

the parts appearing as if'viewed from the left side of the machine. I

Figure 4 is a View similar to Figure 3,

with the addition of the magazine andshuttie, the dotted and full line representation of the lever showing the position of the latterbefore' and during the transfer movement of a filling unit from the magazine to filling unit, the correct position of the free end of the filling being shown in full llne,

while the incorrect position of he free end the fabrie,and at the right the magazine 1 of the filling avoided by the construction of applicants filling unit is shown in a: dot and dash line.

Figure 8 isa perspective'view ofthe lower P part of. the magazine construction showing the passageway for the filling unit from the magazineto the'shuttle and a plate over sa d passageway to prevent the filling unit be ng thrown up outof position in its passage from the magazine to the shuttle.

Figure 9 is a sectional'view on line 99 of Figure l looking in the direction of the arrows, showing, the construction of the weight box andv the parts carried therebyto support and guide the end tension membersl Figure 10 is a side elevation of a modified form of the hunter receiver and bunter receiver holder from that shownat the-top of Figure 3.

Figure 11 is an end elevation of the parts shown in F igure' 10.

' Figure 12 is a top plan viewof the filling guide shownin Figure 1 andthe plate for supporting said guide and the as shown in Figures 1 and2.

weight box Figure 13 is adiagrammatic view showing with its guide members for the free end of the filling, the cutter for the filling, the shuttle carried by the lay, the filling unit in full line in the shuttle and dotted lines-inits forward position, there also appearing at the left a representation of the position of a filling feeler and an oscillating shaft whose I I time of operation is controlled by the filling feeler. a i I Figure 14 isla detail'perspective view'of' the slide for transferring the filling unit from the magazine to the shuttle. a v showing the Figure 15. is a similar view opposite end of the slide. 7

Figure16 is a side elevationof an end ten sion member, there being such a tension member connected to the free end of each filling;

Figure-17 is a sectional view on the line j 17-17 of Figure 10 looking in the direction of the arrows showing the arrangement of the parts for connecting the modified form of hunter and bunter holder in any desired positionof adjustment. v j

1 represents a port on of the rightside of'the frameworkofja wire fabric loom. 2

represents a girt the ends of which are secured to the respective side frames 1, 1. 131 represents the lower beam of the lay, 132 the upper beam. These beams are connected at their ends by bars 130, 130, the right hand bar only being shown. 133 represents the reed common in wire fabric looms. As 1s well known in such looms organized for weaving wire fabric with a large or stiff filling, the shuttle and bars for operating the latter are carried by the lay. Prior to my invention, before the filling unit was eX- hausted in such looms the practice has been to stop the loom and by hand remove the depleted filling unit in the shuttle and insert a fresh filling unit in the shuttle. By my invention the filling unit in the shuttle is changed au omatically when the filling unit in the shuttle has been depleted to a predetermined point. Only portions or diagrammatic views of the framework and features of the loom not forming a part of my invention are shown.

Referring to Figure 3, 7 represents a casting, the lower end of which is secured to the girt 2 by bolts 8. A pintle 9 is carried by the upper end of this casting and on this pintle loosely mounted a boss 10 formed with two lover arms 11, 12. 13 represents a hunt r receiver holder formed at its rear end and bottom side with a perforated ear 1 1 loosely arranged on the pintle or stud 15 carried on the end of the arm 12. A stud or in .16 projects from the rear top side of th holder leaf spring 17 has its rear cnt secured by screws 18, .18 to some con- Pnient part of the framework. The free iis spring engages the top of the lug end of ti 7 16 to yieloingly hold thislug against the front face of a lever 19. This lever at its lower end is formed with a boss 20 mounted on the shaft 21 and secured thereto by a set screw 22. The serif/2.21 is loosely mounted in a perforated boss or hearing 23 carried by the upper end of casting 24 secured to the girt 2 by bolts 8. This shaft 21 extends across the loom. see Figure 3, showingthe left end of said shaft. Power means'are provided for giving the shaft a short oscillation or are movement. when said means are permitted to operate by a filling lever, not shown but situated at the left side of the loo a. This arrangement allows the shaft 21 to be given its movement of oscillation in a direction opposite to the movement of the hands of a watch in Figure 3, as the lay has reached its beating up position. where the shuttle is passed out of the shed and is in position for the automatic substitution of a new filling unit.

In Figures 3. 10 and 11 26 represents a hunter receiver formed at the front end with inclined. faces 27, 23, fashioned to be engaged by a complemental hunter member 29 secured to the front side of the bottom beam of the lay as the lay completes is forward movement and when the hunter receiver is in the dotted line position of Figure 3. The hunter receiver 26 is arranged in a complemental recess 30, see Figures 10 and 11. In the right hand face of the banter receiver holder 13 is a bolt 31- connected with the holder 26 which projects in a longitudinal slot 32 in the holder 18. A nut 33 upon said bolt by engaging the left face of the holder binds the hunter receiver to the holder. 3&- represents a perforated screwthreaded lug on the rear end of the holder 13. A set screw 35 arranged in lug 3e held in its adjusted position by a lock nut 36 is arranged to engage the rear of bunter receiver 26 and with the be t 31 and nut 33 hold the hunter receiver in any desired position of adjustment. Holder 13 and bunter receiver 26 and associate parts are shown in outline in Figure 3, but in detail in Figures 10 and 11.

Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 1, 38 represents a stud carried by the side frame 1 having a hub 39 loosely mounted thereon, the hub being held on the stud by a cotter or other pin 10. side carries a lever arm 41.

A helical spring 12 having one end secured to the lower end of the lever" 41 and its other end connected with the framework 1' tends to yieldingly turn the hub 39 in the direction of the movement of the hands of a watch in Figure 1. The hub 39 upon its top side carries a lever 13' which is shown in Figures 1 and 2 as having beginning with the hub a substantially straight portion, then a curved portion terminating in an end portion at that is substantially parallel with the straight portion of the lever next to the hub. This lever 43 above the hub 39 is formed with a boss 15 carrying a pintle -16. The short link 47 has its rear end arranged upon the pintle 16 and its front end arranged upon a pintle -18 carried by the end of the lever 11. A nut 19 serves to hold the rear end of the lever 47 on the pintle 16. By the described construction the movement of the lever 11, to the left in Figure 3, gives a like motion to the lever arm 13 and the parts to which the said arm may be connected. 50 represents a casting secured to the framework 1 on the right side of. the loom by means of bolts 51. Upon the upper end of this casting is arranged a horizontal plate 52 integral with the casting 50 or secure thereto in any desired way. This plate is formed at its right end with an upturned flange 53, see Figure 3, that serves as a stop to limit the motion of a push block for the filling unit hereinafter described. 54 represents a slot formed in the bottom of this plate and open at the left hand end. This slot is parallel with the general direction of the plate and beyond the loom The hub 39 upon its lower i of the plate 52 is cut away on each side of the slot 54: for a short distance laterally to form guideways 55, 55 for the flanges 56, 56 of the sliding block 57, see Figures 14 and 15. This block on its under side is formed with a slot 58 registering when the parts are assembled with the slot 54;. Referring to Figure 3, 61 represents a link, the right hand endof which is mounted on a pintle'60. In the vertical walls of block 57 on either side of slot 58 are formed apertures 59in which is arranged the pintle 60, the other end of said link being loosely mounted upon the pintle 62 carried by the end 4140f the lever 43. The left hand end of the block, see Figure 1 1, is extended on either side of the slot 58 toform fingers 6e, 64

projecting from the end wall 65 of the block.-

iron having one horizontal member 69 and a vertical member or arm 7 0,'the latter at or near its end andon itsjlower side formed with two holes 70270 The'opp'osite side of the outer end ofthis arm is formed with a perforated lug 71 in which" is secured a pintle 72 having thereon a rotatable spool-shaped guide 7 3. for the filling. This guide is formed with a groove having one vertical wall 7 4 and an inclined wall 75 to deflect and maintain each and all the fillings passing over the guide at a fixed point, thatis the junction of the vertical and inclined walls 7 1, 75. A plate 76 has itsfupper end se cured to the arm 70 by bolts 77, v77. As

shown in Figure 1, this plate 76 is located below the guide 73. A' plate78 has its right end secured to the lower end of the plate 76 by bolts 79, while its opposite end is secured to the framework 1. v

Referring to F igures'l' and 9: 8'0 represeats a horizontal series of guide pins rivet'ed to the front face of the plate 7 6' below the guide 73, the number of said pins 80 corresponding to the number of filling units constituting the capacity of the magazine. As shown each guide pin 80 at a selected distance from the front face of the plate 78 is reduced to form a shoulder 81. From the bottom of this shoulder the'pin is enlarged to a line as 82, then reduced to a point as 83'. By this construction each filling ca'n be readily inserted between thepins and against its proper pin, the filling sliding downthe" incline and resting at the angle formed by,

said incline'and shoulder 81. This permits each filling to hang vertically fromthe guide 73 to its hook 84, Figure 16, to which it is tied, see also Figure 9 and broken line indicating position of. the filling 118. As shown, each hook 84'is formed on theupper' end of a rod 85 that at its lower end is secured in a weight 86. A helical spring 87' is loosely arranged on the rod 85' above the weight 86 and below a collar 88 loosely and .slidingly' arranged on said' rod by resting on said spring. 90 represents a series of short vertical partitions or flanges on the front face of plate 7 6v below the'guides 80,

there being a partition or flange 90below 5 V 9 each pin 80 located directly below said pin,

see Figures 1 and 9. 91 represents a plate secured to the plate 76 belowth e flanges 90 by rivets'92. This plate 91 carries a horizontal series of flanges 93, one under each flange 90.- Both sides of the un'der'partof these fingers- 93 are beveled as at, 94, 95. v

Below each'finger 93 is a plate or flange 96 either integral with said finger'o-r secured in any desired way in said position on the plate 76. In effect the flange 96'constitut-e's' are duced continuation of the finger 93 below the bevel's 94:, 95'. Two of the-flanges 96 constitute a vertical chamber or guideway for a weight86 and its associatedpart's.

Referringto Figure 1, a plate 97 on the front .and the plate 78 on the back,together with the bottom plate not shown, constitute an open box or receptaclefor' the weights 86 when not in use or when the freeend of the filling connected with thatweight' unit has been cut. v H

Referring-to Figures 1, 2, and 61: 98,98

Each plate '98 projects inwardly a short distance over the edge of the guideways55, v

10 5 represent two plates, one arranged'on the" top of each side member 99 of the plate 52.

through ears 101 positioned on'the top of i said plates 98, 98., and passing through said plates into the side members 99, 99 of the plate 52, secure said ears 101 and plates 98 in place on side members 99 of said plate 52. The material of the front ears 101' is extended upward a short distance as 102, then inward a short distance, then upward to form the front wall 104' of the magazine 103. In a similar manner the material of side of the magazine'the walls 104', 105 are separated to give access to the chamber of the magazine, while at the right side of the magazine the walls 104, 105 are separated a slight distance to form a slot 106 through which the free end of the wire filling passes from the filling unit to the spool 73 and hooks 8 1. But three filling units are shown in the magazine, see Figure 6, and these are separated from one another to avoid confusion of lines and to clearly illustrate the parts. In practice of course the lowest filling unit would rest on the plates 98 which constitute the bottom of the magazine, and the remaining filling units in the magazine rest on top of one another, The front face of the right hand wall 105 of the magazine near the the lower end of said wall (see Figure is formed with a slot 107 into which the free end of the bottom filling unit passes, as shown in broken lines in this fig ure, when said unit is pushed out of the magazine into the shuttle, said filling remaining in this slot until the filling is cut, when the weight unit of that filling will draw out the filling from the magazine and said slot as the weight drops into the weight box, shown in Figure 1. This weight mechanism is broken away in two points in Fig ure 1 to save space on the drawings, the dropping space for the weights 86 in the operative construction being sufficient to draw the filling when it is severed not only from the slot 107, but away from the spool.

guide 7 3. As clearly shown in Figure 5, the inner surface of the front wall 101 is formed with a fiat face 108 terminated in a shoulder 109, forming a notch, while the members of the rear wall are formed as a rectangle, As shown in Figure 8, the lower part of the middle member of the rear wall 105 in ure 8 is cut away to form a passageway 110 for the filling unit from the magazine to the shuttle. 111. 111 projecting from said wall on either side of said passageway, support a horizontal plate 112, projecting above said passageway over the path of the passageway of the filling unit from the mag azine to the shuttle. This plate 112 prevents the filling units being pushed up out of their proper path during the transfer from the magazine to the shuttle. An arrow in Fig ure 8 indicates the direction in which the filling unit is pushed out from the magazine to the shuttle.

Referring to Figure 7, 115 represents new wire filling unit comprising a base plate 116 and its spool-shaped holder 117 for the wire filling 118. The holder is rotatably mounted on a spindle 119 carried by the base plate, the other features of the unit including a tension are not shown since not necessary in connection with the present invention of which they form no part. The rear side 120 of the plate 116 is beveled at each corner as at 121, 121, see Figure 5, to push aside holding members in the shuttle.

To the rear of these inclines on the right and left side the plate is formed with a notch 122 having a rear wall or shoulder 123 parallel with the face 120 and the front inclined wall 124-, the latter aranged to coact with the shoulder 123 and the holding members in the shuttle to maintain the filling unit in place in the shuttle. The front walls or right angular walls 123 of the notches 122 prevent movement of the filling unit toward the feed side of the shuttle or toward the magazine of the front of the lay, while theinclined walls 1241 of these notches 122 permit the filling unit to be pushed against the tension of the holding members in the shuttle out of the shuttle toward the rear of the loom. In the introduction of the filling unit in the shuttle the beveled corners 121, 121, see Figures 7 and 5, serve to engage the holding members of the shuttle to push them one side to permit the introduction of the filling unit, the side walls of the plate of the filling unit maintaining the holding members in the shuttle until they come to the notches 122 which they enter automatically either by means of springs or otherwise.

The front corners 125, 126, of this plate are respectively beveled and rounded off,

leaving a short front straight face 127, the

right hand of this face 127 being extended beyond the face 126 to form a blocking point or hook-shaped member 128, forming a notch 129 between said hook-shaped member 128 and the face 126, see Figure 7 Referring to Figures 5, 6 and 7 In plac ing the filling unit 115 in the magazine 103, the rear part 120 of the plate 116 is placedv against the front face of the rear wall 105 with the right and left faces of the plate against'respectively the inside faces of the vertical walls 105 and 105*. This positioning brings the face 127 of the plate 116 against the rear face 108 of the vertical plate 104, and brings the point 128 of the plate 116 in proper position against the shoulder 109 of the front plate 104. The fit between the parts of the plate 116 and the complementary parts on the inner walls of magazine is loose enough to permit the plate 116 and its wire filling holder to slide easily up and down along the walls of the magazine without binding; said fit should be snug enough to prevent the plate turning in the magazine and particularly to keep the point of the plate 128 against the shoulder 109, in order to maintain the wire filling 118 on the notch 129 in front of or to the right of the point 128, as shown in full lines in Figures 6 and 7, and to prevent said filling from going to the left of the notch 1-28 and from dropping over the face 127 of the plate, as indicated in broken line in Figure 7. This construction and proper position of the wire filling in a magazine is important to keep the wire filling in place in the magazine and insure its entering the slot 107, Figure 6, at the proper time and in the proper way,

since, as is well known to those skilled in the Referring to Figures 3 and 4, a lay 130 is shown in posltion 1n said figure in elevation,

131 representing the bottom beam of the lay,

132 the upper beam, and 133 the reed usual in wire fabric looms. The operating mechanism of the lay and other parts of the loom are not shown, as they may be of the usual form, and in any event are, no partof the invention set forth in this application.

In Figure 13 there is represented diagrammatically the lay 130, the wire filling 118, the shuttle 134, parts of the two shuttle-operat ing bars 135, 136 carried by the lay, the filling unit 115 in full lines in the shuttle and inthe magazine but in dotted lines at the left at its advanced position when the lay beats up the weft. There is further digrammatically shown in this figure a filling feeler 137 to engagethe filling in the filling unit and operate when the filling is reduced to a predetermined point. This position of the filling feelerpermits theflmechanism operated by the loom to rock the shaft [21. This rocking action of the shaft 21 occurs "after the lay has started to move rearwardly, from its front position and closes down "the arm 19, see Figure 3, dropping the hunter 26 into its dotted line position, or in position to he engaged-by the oomplemental hunter member 29 on the front of the lay at the next forward movement of the latter. During said rearward movement of the lay the shuttle 134 is passed from left to right through the shed to the right side of the loom, and as the lay completes the next forward movement to beat up the last placed filling, the member 29 on the lay, as stated, near the end of the movement of the lay engages the bunter 26 and by means of the connecting lever arms 11, link 47, lever 43 and links 61, moves the block 57, Figures 3, 4, and 14, from its inoperative position shown in full lines in Figure 3 and dotted lines at the right of Figure 4, to the limit of the stroke to the left or to the full line position shown in Figure 4. As the lay completes its said forward movement and the block 57 is operated, the shuttle is positioned by the lay, as shown in Figure 4,

so that as the block 57 moves to the left, in Figure 4, and engages the bottom filling unit 115 of the stack of filling units in the magazine, it pushes said bottom filling unit out of the magazine, under the plate 112, and into the shuttle 134, Figures 4 and 13, to a predetermined position where the yielding holding members in the shuttle snap into or engage the notches 122 in the plate 116. Thereafter the'hlock 57 and the levers and parts connected therewith are returned to their respective inoperative positions by the action of the spring 42, see Figure 4. The action of the block 57 in pushing the filling unit into the shuttle causes that filling unit to push through the shuttle and out of the rear side thereof the spent filling unit. Theinclined faces 124 of the notch 122 permit such continued movement of'the filling unit out of the shuttle, while, as stated, the shoulder 123 of said notch prevents movement of the unit in the shuttle toward the front .of the lay. The filling units thus ejected from the shuttle drop into a chute or any other desired receptacle not shown.

Referring to Figures 1- and 16, the collar 88 can slide on the rod 85. When the'parts are in position as shown in Figure the upper end of the collar 88 engages the inclined faces 94, 95 of the particular flanges 96, 96 constituting-the guideway for its associated weight 88' Any undue strain on a particular filling 118 will pull the rod 85 through the collar 88, the latter being heldagainst of the spring 87, thus avoiding breakage, the spring 87 assisting the weight'86 and its associated parts to return totheir inclined. position after the said strain has ceased.

Referring to Figure 8 it will be noted that ,90 the inclined faces 94, 95, against the tension the walls, of the magazine oppositetheslot- 106, that is,:the walls or plates 105 and108, do 'notnieet, but "are separated, and such separation is suflicien'tto permit the fingers of the operator to be inserted in thepassageway thus formed to hold the filling unit and lower it and properly place it in the magazine either upon the plates 98 at the hottonr of said magazine, (see Figures 1 and 6), or upon another filling unit, (see Figure 4).

I claim:

1. A hunter for a wire fabric loom comforated lug, the forward part of said member beingformed with guideways and a. longitudinal slot, a hunter part arranged in said ways and formed with a slot, a bolt arranged in said slots for locking the hunter part to said ways at any desired position of adjustment, a set screw arranged in said perforated lug to engage the rear end of said hunter part, the forward free end of said hunter part being engaged by the front side of the lay beam.

2. In a loom for weaving wirefabric, a lay, a shuttlecarried thereby, a magazine to the front of the lay constituted to hold a series of filling units, means associated with each unit to yieldingly resist the unwinding of its filling, a slot on one side of said magazine, a notch in the wall of said magazine near its lower end connecting with v chamber, the free end of each filling passing through the said slot, a tension connected to the end of each filling, a guide for said fillings between said slot and said tension, means for keeping said tension separated, mean for transferring the filling unit from the magazine to the shuttle, the free end of each filling automatically passing from said slot into said notch, co-operating parts upon said units and said magazine to maintain said units in a predetermined path in their passage through and out of said magazine.

3. In combination, a magazine comprising vertical side walls arranged to form a chamber open at the top and bottom, a slot ex.- tending from the top to the bottom of one wall of said chamber, a notch in the wall of said chamber near the delivery end thereof communicating with said slot, means on an inner wall of said chamber to insure the filling unit being inserted in a predetermined position and to insure the passage of said unit through said chamber without turning, a rib on an inner surface of said chamber, the front and back walls of said chamber at their base being open to form a passageway, a driver member arranged to be reciprocated across the delivery end of said passageway, complemental parts on said driver member and the walls of said magazine to control the path of movement of said driver member, and means located over said passageway at the delivery end of the latter to prevent upward movement of the filling unit in its transfer from the magazine to a shuttle.

4. A magazine comprising verticalside walls arranged to form a chamber open at the top, a slot extending from the top of one wall toward the bottom of said chamber to form a passageway for the filling end, a notch in the wall of said chamber near the delivery end thereof, communicating with said slot, means to insure the insertion of the filling unit in 'a predetermined position and to insure the passage of said unit through said chamber without turning, the front and back walls of said chamber at their base being open to form a passageway, and a guide member located over said passageway at the delivery end.

5. In combination, a magazine comprisin r upright side walls arranged to form a chain ber open at the top, a slot extending from the top of one wall toward the bottom of said chamber to form a passageway for the filling end, filling units therein each comprising a holder and a bobbin, the former being provided with a guide member to hold WILLIAM s. SQUTHVVICK. 

